In new federal states, there was virtually no malls before reunification. This emerged after 1990 in large numbers on a green field, leading to a substantial purchasing power outflow from the inner cities (shopping in Lancaster). Background for this building boom at the gates of cities was for a rapid access to land (land in inner cities were often lengthy process of restitution and other proprietary difficulties blocked) and the rapid creation of corresponding construction law: Above a sales area of 700 sqm is a rapid creation of construction law only designation of core areas (MK) or special areas (SO) in development plan possible.
There are many definitions, the Austrian professional association for buying-center defines the classic buying center / buying mall as uniformly planned and managed, staffed by a larger number of independent retail, service and restaurant object. This is to prevent consumer markets with a small shop bar whose function is almost exclusively to cover short-term needs distort the image.
The recorded in documentation centers at the surface lower limit, however, meet the quality function of buying center, so the "buying" from shortlist goods (eg clothing, shoes, household items, electrical and electronic goods such. Etc.). Often in international definitions, the lower limit of rentable area at 10,000 sqm are recognized. The Federal Administrative Court adopts a buying center in terms of Land Use Ordinance, when "a spatial concentration of retail stores of different types and sizes - usually in combination with various service industries - is present, which is either planned uniform or nevertheless grown in a manner other than.
An ancient precursor of buying center and market halls Trajan in ancient Rome were (built 143). In 19th century, the passages developed into an independent urban building type. Easy buying center have been developed and built in US since the 1930s. They were there to simulate an urban, European ambiance, as in US - unlike in Europe - had large stores were not centrally located in town center, but scattered along the arterial roads (strips).
Power Center is an operating type, which is currently still limited to United States. In this type the anchor tenants occupy the major part of (60-90 percent). In general, there are discount-oriented stores that offer a wide range in large areas at low prices. Due toir position in market these companies are also called "category killers". In United States such center with a peripheral location on the primary road network have already become threatening competitors for regional buying centers. Topic Center include retail and service businesses that either belong to a special group '(z. B. Designer furniture) or provide products and services related to a specific topic. The magnetic effect is based on the specialization on a topic.
The importance of magnets for the success of buying mall is so fundamental that usually the signature of corresponding chain under the lease is the prerequisite for the investor even provides a planning application. Failure to find a suitable tenant, the project often threatened with closure. But even long-established centers threatened with loss ofn anchor tenant (z. B. By bankruptcy of trade chain, merging with another retail chain that operates near another house or other business decisions) the often gradual decline, which then makes it difficult, for the vacant areas (especially the anchor) to find new tenants.
The individual shops are rented, the rent often consists of revenue sharing in connection with a minimum rent. The shops can use a common infrastructure. The advertising is often performed together, for. Example in form of an advertising community. In return, the business must adhere to rules of operator, eg. As with respect to opening times or common discount offers.
In closed centers are the shops in a building. They are accessed by a common area, the mall. The Center is directed inward, the shops have turned their expenses to mall. The first of these buying centers were completed significantly outward, usually there was no daylight. Since the 1990s, closed malls with glass canopies are increasingly "open" to outside.
There are many definitions, the Austrian professional association for buying-center defines the classic buying center / buying mall as uniformly planned and managed, staffed by a larger number of independent retail, service and restaurant object. This is to prevent consumer markets with a small shop bar whose function is almost exclusively to cover short-term needs distort the image.
The recorded in documentation centers at the surface lower limit, however, meet the quality function of buying center, so the "buying" from shortlist goods (eg clothing, shoes, household items, electrical and electronic goods such. Etc.). Often in international definitions, the lower limit of rentable area at 10,000 sqm are recognized. The Federal Administrative Court adopts a buying center in terms of Land Use Ordinance, when "a spatial concentration of retail stores of different types and sizes - usually in combination with various service industries - is present, which is either planned uniform or nevertheless grown in a manner other than.
An ancient precursor of buying center and market halls Trajan in ancient Rome were (built 143). In 19th century, the passages developed into an independent urban building type. Easy buying center have been developed and built in US since the 1930s. They were there to simulate an urban, European ambiance, as in US - unlike in Europe - had large stores were not centrally located in town center, but scattered along the arterial roads (strips).
Power Center is an operating type, which is currently still limited to United States. In this type the anchor tenants occupy the major part of (60-90 percent). In general, there are discount-oriented stores that offer a wide range in large areas at low prices. Due toir position in market these companies are also called "category killers". In United States such center with a peripheral location on the primary road network have already become threatening competitors for regional buying centers. Topic Center include retail and service businesses that either belong to a special group '(z. B. Designer furniture) or provide products and services related to a specific topic. The magnetic effect is based on the specialization on a topic.
The importance of magnets for the success of buying mall is so fundamental that usually the signature of corresponding chain under the lease is the prerequisite for the investor even provides a planning application. Failure to find a suitable tenant, the project often threatened with closure. But even long-established centers threatened with loss ofn anchor tenant (z. B. By bankruptcy of trade chain, merging with another retail chain that operates near another house or other business decisions) the often gradual decline, which then makes it difficult, for the vacant areas (especially the anchor) to find new tenants.
The individual shops are rented, the rent often consists of revenue sharing in connection with a minimum rent. The shops can use a common infrastructure. The advertising is often performed together, for. Example in form of an advertising community. In return, the business must adhere to rules of operator, eg. As with respect to opening times or common discount offers.
In closed centers are the shops in a building. They are accessed by a common area, the mall. The Center is directed inward, the shops have turned their expenses to mall. The first of these buying centers were completed significantly outward, usually there was no daylight. Since the 1990s, closed malls with glass canopies are increasingly "open" to outside.
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